ABSTRACT
Valproic acid is a first-line broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug, however, the pharmacokinetics of valproic acid are affected by many factors, such as heredity, drug combination and so on. So, how to realize the individualized dosing regimen of valproic acid has received much attention. Population pharmacokinetics combines classical pharmacokinetic principles and population statistical models to quantitatively evaluate the influence factor of drug concentration in the patient population. Thus, it can optimize characterization of the differences among individuals. This article reviews the researches about valproic acid in recent years, and summarizes the effect of the factors on the metabolism of valproic acid, such as drug combination and gene polymorphism. Additionally, focus on the latest research progress of individual administration of valproic acid under the guidance of population pharmacokinetics.
ABSTRACT
Valproic acid is a first-line broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug, however, the pharmacokinetics of valproic acid are affected by many factors, such as heredity, drug combination and so on. So, how to realize the individualized dosing regimen of valproic acid has received much attention. Population pharmacokinetics combines classical pharmacokinetic principles and population statistical models to quantitatively evaluate the influence factor of drug concentration in the patient population. Thus, it can optimize characterization of the differences among individuals. This article reviews the researches about valproic acid in recent years, and summarizes the effect of the factors on the metabolism of valproic acid, such as drug combination and gene polymorphism. Additionally, focus on the latest research progress of individual administration of valproic acid under the guidance of population pharmacokinetics.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the clinical features and treatment measures of the severe pneumonia in renal transplantation patients. Methods The clinical data of 27 patients with severe pneumonia following renal transplantation was retrospectively analyzed. Results The severe pneumonia in renal transplantation patients had the features such as earlier occurrence, speedy development and mixed infection of multi-bacteria. Twenty-two cases out of 27 patients (81.5%) were rescued successfully, and five cases died. Conclusion The patients with severe pneumonia following renal transplantation should be intensively observed and actively treated. The reasonable application of broad-spectrum antibiotics, breathing sustain and combined measures are the key points of successful treatment.
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Objective To study the expression of neural cell adhesion molecule CD 56 in the human lung cancer and its pathological significance. Methods 59 paraffin imbedded specimens of lung cancers were collected and human small cell lung cancer H128 cell line was cultured.The CD 56 expression in the lung cancer tissues and H128 cells was detected by immunohistochemical method. Results The expression of CD 56 was positive in 35 of 43 NSLC specimens, and the other specimens showed weakly positive staining. All 19 cases of the SCLC specimens showed CD 56 positive staining, 12 specimens of which were strongly positive. There was a significant difference in CD 56 expression between the SCLC and NSCLC. CD 56 was extensively expressed in H128 cells. Conclusion CD 56 might be an ideal tumour marker for SCLC.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of hypoxia on the in vitro invasion of lung carcinoma cells and its molecular basis. Methods Small cell lung carcinoma cells(H128) were exposed to hypoxia(5%O 2,5%CO 2,90%N 2) or anoxia(95%N 2,5%CO 2)condition for 48 hours. The invasive ability of the cancer cells was assayed with HABM-HEM model. The expression of E-cadherin and ? 1-integrin on the cells was also assayed by flow cytometry. Results Compared with normoxia group, the invasive ability of the cancer cells increased, the expression of E-cadherin decreased, and the expression of ? 1-integrin increased in hypoxia group. In anoxia group, the invasive ability and the expression of E-cadherin and ? 1-integrin all decreased compared with normoxia group. Conclusions Moderate hypoxia can down-regulate the expression of E-cadherin, up-regulate the expression of ? 1-integrin, and increase the invasion of carcinoma cells. But serious hypoxia can decrease the expression of adhesive molecules and the invasion of the cancer cells.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To investigate the effect of hypoxia on the invasion and migration of lung carcinoma cells. METHODS: Lung carcinoma cell H128 was exposed to normoxia (air, 5% CO 2), hypoxia (5% O 2,5% CO 2,90% N 2) or anoxia (95% N 2,5% CO 2) conditions for 48 hours. The migration ability of the cells was assayed by wound healing methods. The invasiveness ability was determined with HABM-HEM model. The cells exposed to hypoxia were inoculated under skin in nude mice, and then the growth of the tumor and the rate of metastasis to lymph node or lung were observed. The expression of E-cadherin and ?1-integrin on the cells were also assayed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Compared with normoxic group, the invasiveness and migration in hypoxic group were increased. The rates of tumorgenesis and metastasis to lung in anoxic group were evidently decreased. The expression of E-cadherin was decreased, and the expression of ?1-integrin was increased in hypoxic group. In anoxia group, the invasiveness, migration, the expression of E-cadherin and ?1-integrin were all decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate hypoxia down-regulated the expression of E-cadherin, up-regulated the expression of ?1-integrin, and increased the invasiveness and metastasis of carcinoma cells. Serious hypoxia decreased the expression of adhesive molecules, and the proliferation, invasiveness and migration were also decreased.